庐枞矿集区大地电磁探测及电性结构初探   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

肖晓  汤井田  周聪  吕庆田 《地质学报》2011,85(5):873-886

在庐枞矿集区开展大地电磁测深(Magnetotelluric,MT)工作,有助于研究庐枞矿集区区域地质结构、构造,同时,对强干扰地区大地电磁下扰信号规律的研究和MT数据的处理与解释水平的提高有着重要的理论意义.论文首先阐述了庐枞盆地的地质概况及深部MT探测的研究现状,接着介绍了庐枞矿集区大地电磁测深数据采集及相关实验研...  相似文献   

A chironomid-based reconstruction of summer temperatures in NW Iceland since AD 1650     

P.G. Langdon  C.J. Caseldine  I.W. Croudace  S. Jarvis  S. Wastegrd  T.C. Crowford 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(3):451-460

Few studies currently exist that aim to validate a proxy chironomid-temperature reconstruction with instrumental temperature measurements. We used a reconstruction from a chironomid percentage abundance data set to produce quantitative summer temperature estimates since AD 1650 for NW Iceland through a transfer function approach, and validated the record against instrumental temperature measurements from Stykkishólmur in western Iceland. The core was dated through Pb-210, Cs-137 and tephra analyses (Hekla 1693) which produced a well-constrained dating model across the whole study period. Little catchment disturbance, as shown through geochemical (Itrax) and loss-on-ignition data, throughout the period further reinforce the premise that the chironomids were responding to temperature and not other catchment or within-lake variables. Particularly cold phases were identified between AD 1683–1710, AD 1765–1780 and AD 1890–1917, with relative drops in summer temperatures in the order of 1.5–2°C. The timing of these cold phases agree well with other evidence of cooler temperatures, notably increased extent of Little Ice Age (LIA) glaciers. Our evidence suggests that the magnitude of summer temperature cooling (1.5–2°C) was enough to force LIA Icelandic glaciers into their maximum Holocene extent, which is in accordance with previous modelling experiments for an Icelandic ice cap (Langjökull).  相似文献   

Longitudinal profiles and knickzones: the example of the rivers of the Cher basin in the northern French Massif Central   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jean-Pierre Larue 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(1):125-142

This work examines the longitudinal profiles of 27 rivers in the upper Cher basin, of various lengths, in order to characterize their shape and the knickzones (high gradient sections) that disrupt their longitudinal profiles. No smooth, concave-upwards long profile has been found in the study area, located at the contact between the Massif Central basement rocks and the Paris Basin sedimentary rocks, because of the heterogeneous geological structure and lithology. The analysis of the main knickzone parameters allows us to distinguish two knickzone assemblages: the 53 knickzones of the first have a lithological origin and are characterized by a gradient equal to or lower than that given by the power curve y = 63.306 × ^−0.4392; the 30 knickzones of the second assemblage, which have a higher gradient than that of the curve, and give clear outliers in the DS (distance-slope) plot, are due to active faulting. The locations of this second group of knickzones delimit the areas that have experienced important local vertical crustal motions, too rapid for fluvial incision to have reduced the effect of knickzones caused by active faulting. In these uplifted areas, headward erosion has been arrested by knickzones of the second type, allowing the preservation of shallow-dell valley heads without any incision.  相似文献   

Time series analysis of CO concentrations from an Eastern Kentucky coal fire     

James C. Hower  Jennifer M.K. O'Keefe  Kevin R. Henke  Amirhossein Bagherieh 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2011,88(4):227

Coal fires in natural outcrops, in abandoned and active coal mines, and in coal and coal-refuse piles are responsible for the uncontrolled emissions of gases, including CO, CO₂, H₂S, hydrocarbons, and volatile aromatics. Typically, measurements of gases at a mine vent are made over a short time interval, perhaps no more than 10 min, including the time for replicate measurements. Such timing provides little information on longer-term variations in emissions, although comparisons of seasonal measurements suggest such changes do occur. To address this problem, we placed temperature and CO data loggers in coal fire vents to collect time series measurements for a period of up to three weeks. For one experiment, 11 days of data at one-minute intervals indicated that the CO emissions were generally in the 400–550 ppmv range. However near daily depressions in CO concentrations occurred and in some cases fell below 50 ppmv; followed by an increase to ~ 700–800 ppmv; in turn followed by a return to the ambient conditions. Data for a separate 21-day collection period in a different vent of the same fire exhibited similar trends, albeit at a higher CO concentration. The drop in CO concentration may be associated with a meteorologically-driven inhalation cycle of the fire, whereby air diluted the combustion generated CO. We propose this was followed by an increase in the intensity of the fire due to increased O₂ from the inhaled air, producing increased CO concentrations, before settling back to the ambient conditions.  相似文献   

新疆巴里坤湖粒度组分分解及其环境指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕雁斌  赵家驹  黄伟  陶士臣  安成邦 《沉积学报》2011,29(1):134-142

选择位于西风影响区的天山东段巴里坤湖湖泊岩芯样品,对沉积物粒度组分进行经验正交函数(EOF)分解,并探讨各分量的环境意义.结果显示,EOF1组分与沉积物粒度小于2μm组分相关系数达0.64以上,并与代表区域有效湿度的碳酸盐氧同位素指标有很好的对应关系,故将EOF1解译为区域有效湿度的替代指标.EOF2组分与粒级为45-...  相似文献   

巴尔喀什湖水量平衡研究   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

龙爱华  邓铭江  谢蕾  王姣妍  李湘权 《冰川冻土》2011,33(6):1341-1352

巴尔喀什-阿拉湖流域是中亚地区重要和独特的景观生态系统,巴尔喀什湖是该区域的核心,其水位变化作为巴尔喀什湖流域生态系统及其保护的主要指标,向来备受世人关注.研究巴尔喀什湖水量平衡,对合理确定巴尔喀什湖生态系统保护目标及保护措施,具有十分重要的理论与现实意义.在明晰巴尔喀什湖水系、水位影响因素的基础上,构建了巴尔喀什湖水...  相似文献   

太湖水量平衡影响因素分析及误差控制措施研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

申金玉  石亚东  高怡  莫李娟  陈润 《水文》2011,31(3):60-63

本文在搜集2001~2008年太湖水量平衡中各个计算要素的基础上,分析计算太湖水量平衡的绝对误差及相对误差。究其原因,误差产生的影响因素主要有测验手段、风浪、巡测线内的产流、农业用水等。根据对影响因素分析,本文有针对性地提出了误差控制措施,重点是要加强测验手段及频次,从而减小水量平衡误差,为太湖水量分配方案提供更加精准的数据基础和依据。  相似文献   

洞庭湖水沙变化分析及影响初探   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李正最  谢悦波  徐冬梅 《水文》2011,31(1):45-53,40

水沙变化是洞庭湖演变和江湖关系调整的关键因子。综合运用数理统计、小波分析、Mann-Kendall法和累加过滤器等方法,分析1956～2008年洞庭湖入湖和出湖径流和输沙量的变化特征。结果表明:①洞庭湖入湖水量以湘、资、沅、澧四水入流为主,洞庭湖入湖泥沙以荆江三口分沙为主。四水年均入湖水量约占洞庭湖出湖总水量的59.2%;三口入湖沙量约占入湖总沙量的80.9%。②由于荆江裁弯、葛洲坝工程运用、三峡水库拦蓄以及长江上游的水土保持措施的影响,从三口河道进入洞庭湖的水沙呈现明显的衰减趋势,入湖水量所占比重已由荆江裁弯前的42.6%下降到了三峡水库运用初期的21.7%;入湖沙量所占比重已由荆江裁弯前的87.7%下降到了三峡水库运用初期的59.6%。③近50年洞庭湖的泥沙沉积总量达52.9×108t,但泥沙沉积比已由荆江裁弯前的73.3%下降到了三峡水库运用初期的34.0%,洞庭湖泥沙淤积的趋势明显减弱,有利于保持洞庭湖的调洪湖容,延长洞庭湖的寿命;但三峡水库运用初期,三口分流的衰减将加剧洞庭湖区西部地区枯水供水的紧张态势,并使水环境容量下降;同时城陵矶下游长江河道的淤积导致洞庭湖洪水位抬升。  相似文献   

加拿大原型产地矿物种名称的中文译名     

杨主明  傅小土 《岩石矿物学杂志》2011,30(4):734-738

加拿大原型产地的矿物种数计208种,其中118个是具有人名或地名意义的矿物种名。这些矿物的现中文译名多数采用化学成分名称,未能体现原作者的意愿,与IMA-CNMNC关于新矿物的命名原则和译名规则不相符合。本文根据英文的人名与地名,采用音译方法,列举这些矿物的英文名称、原命名依据和现中文译名,并列出新的建议中文译名。  相似文献   

青藏高原兹格塘错流域50年来湖泊水量对气候变化响应的模拟研究     

沈华东  才革 《西安地质学院学报》2011,(3):282-287

运用数值模拟建立青藏高原兹格塘错流域土壤、植被、气候等的空间和属性数据库;接着,借助分布式流域尺度水文模型（SWAT模型）,对兹格塘错1956—2006年间的流量进行模拟实验;最后,反演50年来兹格塘错流域水文过程,测试流域温度、降水和蒸发组合的敏感因子对湖泊水量变化的效应,探讨50年来湖泊水量对气候变化的响应。模拟实验的边界条件设置为自然地形、土壤、植被覆盖,其中土壤资料包括有机质含量、粒径等理化参数。模拟结果表明：兹格塘错的年平均流量为6.3m3/s,流量高峰集中在8月至10月,并且由于融雪补给的关系,3月出现另一个流量高峰;模拟结果与遥感解译所得到的结果吻合较好。敏感实验表明：兹格塘错流域内温度、降水和蒸发组合的敏感因子实验具有高原特征,即高原湖泊的水文过程和湖泊流量变化有着较为敏感的响应关系;兹格塘错流量受降水的影响最大,随着降水的增加,流量有所增加;在温度升高的情况下,流域蒸发量增加速度大,兹格塘错流量增加的效应不明显,而在冷湿模式下,流域蒸发量降低,兹格塘错流量增加显著。  相似文献